DNA containing CpG motifs, which are present in bacterial DNA but suppressed in
mammalian DNA, can stimulate immune cells and modulate immune responses. A CpG …

The immune recognition of unmethylated CpG motifs appears to be an example of the ability
of the immune system to detect molecular patterns which are characteristic of microbes, but …

Activation of macrophages/dendritic cells appears to be of crucial importance in vivo in
immunostimulation by foreign DNA. Immune cell activation by bacterial DNA was first …

Oligonucleotide sequences containing unmethylated cytidine phosphate guanosine (CpG)
motifs are known to have significant immunostimulatory properties. Because of these …

Recognition of danger of infection by innate immune cells is a prerequisite to combat
infections and to activate T and B cells. Pathogenassociated molecular patterns (PAMP) play …

Successful gene therapy requires the introduction of foreign DNA into host cells. Until
recently, most investigators working in this field did not realize that the DNA sequences …

The risks of using CpG ODN to improve the host's innate or adaptive immune response must
be considered. While the immunostimulatory effects of CpG DNA have been studied using …

CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) mimicking the function of microbial CpG-
dideoxynucleotides containing DNA (CpG-DNA) are potent immune stimuli. The …

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing CG motifs (CpG ODNs) have potent
immunostimulatory properties, and have potential as immunotherapeutic agents in cancer …

While bacterial DNA and cytosine–guanosine‐dinucleotide‐containing oligonucleotides
(CpG ODN) are well described activators of murine immune cells, their effect on human cells …