The activation of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) stimulates foam cell formation, which is a key
early event in the process of atherosclerosis. In the present study, the role of toll/interleukin-1 …

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are related to foam cell formation (FCF), key event in the
establishment/progression of atherosclerosis. The activation of TLR2 and TLR4 can …

Aberrant activation of macrophages in arterial walls by oxidized lipoproteins can lead to
atherosclerosis. Oxidized lipoproteins convert macrophages to foam cells through lipid …

Inflammatory signaling via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been shown to facilitate
atherogenesis. Recent lines of evidence show that saturated fatty acids (SFAs) induce the …

The transformation of macrophages into lipid-loaded foam cells is a critical and early event
in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Several recent reports highlighted that induction of …

Objectives Recent evidence indicates that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) exerts
vasculoprotective activities by promoting activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), leading to …

Background Cholesterol loading capacity (CLC) describes the ability of serum to deliver
cholesterol to cells. It is linked to foam cell formation, a pivotal step in atherosclerotic plaque …

BACKGROUND: Macrophage foam cells are central in the development of atherosclerosis,
but the mechanism of foam cell formation is unclear. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling is …

Foam cell formation is a hallmark event during atherosclerosis. The current paradigm is that
lipid uptake by scavenger receptor in macrophages initiates the chronic proinflammatory …

There is an urgent need for clinical trials to examine both the lipid-lowering and
inflammatory hypotheses of atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus …