Integrated approaches using different in vitro methods in combination with bioinformatics
can (i) increase the success rate and speed of drug development;(ii) improve the accuracy of …

Simple Summary Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models have been proposed as
alternatives for initial drug screening to increase drug development efficiency. In addition to …

There is cumulating evidence that in vitro 3D tumor models with increased physiological
relevance can improve the predictive value of pre‐clinical research and ultimately contribute …

Abstract 3D organ models have gained increasing attention as novel preclinical test systems
and alternatives to animal testing. Over the years, many excellent in vitro tissue models have …

Cancer is a multifaceted pathology, where cellular and acellular players interact to drive
cancer progression and, in the worst-case, metastasis. The current methods to investigate …

Most current drug screening assays used to identify new drug candidates are 2D cell-based
systems, even though such in vitro assays do not adequately re-create the in vivo complexity …

Introduction: The development of one standard, simplified in vitro three-dimensional tissue
model suitable to biological and pathological investigation and drug-discovery may not yet …

High attrition of new oncology drug candidates in clinical trials is partially caused by the poor
predictive capacity of artificial monolayer cell culture assays early in drug discovery …

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penetration of light into tissue, but many areas require improvement, especially if 3D …

The development of safe, effective and patient-acceptable drug products is an expensive
and lengthy process and the risk of failure at different stages of the development life-cycle is …