The development of adaptive responses to novel situations via learning has been
demonstrated in a wide variety of animal taxa. However, knowledge on the learning abilities …

Personality differences are widespread throughout the animal kingdom and can have
important ecological and evolutionary consequences. Despite a rapidly increasing body of …

While many studies have examined both boldness and behavioral inhibition from
psychological, psychiatric and physiological perspectives, little in the way of controlled …

Zebrafish are increasingly being used in behavioral neuroscience,
neuropsychopharmacology and neurotoxicology. Recently, behavioral screens used to …

Operant conditioning is fundamental to many animal behaviour experiments, including the
alternative forced-choice (AFC) task, a powerful and popular paradigm for establishing …

Understanding how animal personality (consistent between‐individual behavioural
differences) arises has become a central topic in behavioural sciences. This endeavour is …

Animals exhibit considerable and consistent among-individual variation in cognitive abilities,
even within a population. Recent studies have attempted to address this variation using …

The role of learning in behaviour is well known for many animal taxa, including teleost
fishes, insects, birds and mammals. However, its importance to sharks in everyday …

The evolutionary background for cognition and awareness is currently under ardent scrutiny.
Poikilothermic vertebrates such as teleost fishes are capable of classical conditioning and …

Performance on different cognitive tasks varies between individuals within species. Recent
evidence suggests that, in some species, this variation reflects the existence of coherent …