Opioid use disorders have become an epidemic in recent years with rates nearly
quadrupling since 1999 according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention …

Opioid addiction has reached epidemic levels around the world, with over-prescription of
opioid pain relievers being an often-cited reason for the epidemic in the USA. This project …

Highlights•Alterations in endogenous opioid system components occur in development of
addiction.•Human studies and animal models show opioid genes contribute to addiction …

The number of people diagnosed with opioid use disorder has skyrocketed as a
consequence of the opioid epidemic and the increased prescribing of opioid drugs for …

Addiction to drugs is a chronic, relapsing brain disease that has major medical, social, and
economic complications. It has been established that genetic factors contribute to the …

In the United States, the number of people suffering from opioid use disorder has
skyrocketed in all populations. Nevertheless, observations of racial disparities amongst …

Opioids have played a prominent role in society for centuries and have been lauded for both
their analgesic and euphoric qualities by cultures throughout the world. The advent of …

Opioid use kills tens of thousands of Americans each year, devastates families and entire
communities, and cripples the health care system. Exposure to opioids causes long-term …

The discovery of endogenous opioids has markedly influenced the research on the biology
of drug dependence. Evidence has been presented that these brain substances are self …

Opioid addiction and overdose are at record levels in the United States. This is driven, in
part, by their widespread prescription for the treatment of pain, which also increased …