It is well known that organic molecules from the vertebrate extracellular matrix of calcifying
tissues are essential in structuring the apatite mineral. Here, we show that water also plays a …

Nanocrystals of apatitic calcium phosphate impart the organic-inorganic nanocomposite in
bone with favorable mechanical properties. So far, the factors preventing crystal growth …

Bone is the most widespread mineralized tissue in vertebrates and its formation is
orchestrated by specialized cells–the osteoblasts. Crystalline carbonated hydroxyapatite, an …

Bone is a composite material in which collagen fibrils form a scaffold for a highly organized
arrangement of uniaxially oriented apatite crystals,. In the periodic 67 nm cross-striated …

The nanometer-sized plate-like morphology of bone mineral is necessary for proper bone
mechanics and physiology. However, mechanisms regulating the morphology of these …

Through evolution, vertebrates have “chosen” the calcium phosphate mineral apatite to
mineralize their teeth and bones. This article describes the key characteristics of apatite in …

The involvement of collagen in bone biomineralization is commonly admitted, yet its role
remains unclear. Here we show that type I collagen in vitro can initiate and orientate the …

Mineralisation of calcium phosphates in bone has been proposed to proceed via an initial
amorphous precursor phase which transforms into nanocrystalline, carbonated …

A crystalline solid that is a special form of the mineral apatite dominates the composite
material bone. A mineral represents the intimate linkage of a three-dimensional atomic …

Biomineralized materials are highly organized composites with hierarchical structures, in
which the basic building blocks (apatite crystals) are generally in the nanometer size range …