Recent results emphasize the roles of T-independent antibody response in humoral
defenses, for which B1 cells and marginal zone B cells are mostly responsible. We discuss …

An understanding of the cellular and biochemical processes integral to the recognition of
foreign Ag by T cells has been a major goal of cellular immunologists. Early studies …

The surface immunoglobulin that serves as the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) has two roles
in B-cell activation. First, like the antigen receptor on T cells, it transmits signals directly to …

Antibodies against foreign antigens are a critical component of the overall immune response
and can facilitate pathogen clearance during a primary infection and also protect against …

In man and in mouse, B‐cell maturation occurs in steps, first in the bone marrow from
hematopoietic precursors to immature/transitional B cells, then in the periphery from …

The role of B cells as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) has been extensively studied, mainly
in relation to the activation of memory T cells. Considering the B cell subtypes, the role of B-1 …

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on two sets of molecules involved in the
proliferation and differentiation of highly purified human B lymphocytes: the molecules …

The production of class-switched antibodies, particularly immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 and IgE,
occurs efficiently in T cell receptor (TCR) alpha-/-mice that are congenitally devoid of …

B cells obtain help from T cells in the antibody response by acting as antigen-specific
antigen presenting cells. A direct signal through binding of antigen to membrane Ig can …

We have reviewed observations which were made during studies of murine and human B-
cell responses in vitro. One currently faces difficulties in drawing any clear schema as to …