In this review, we highlight recent work that has increased our understanding of the
production and distribution of Shiga toxin in the environment. Specifically, we review studies …

Shiga toxins are a family of genetically and structurally related toxins that are the primary
virulence factors produced by the bacterial pathogens Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and …

Water is a major route for infection of humans by exotoxin-producing bacteria, including
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). While STEC has the potential to be present …

Shiga toxins are virulence factors produced by the bacteria Shigella dysenteriae and certain
strains of Escherichia coli. There is currently no available treatment for disease caused by …

Bacterially derived exotoxins kill eukaryotic cells by inactivating factors and/or pathways that
are universally conserved among eukaryotic organisms. The genes that encode these …

ABSTRACT Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) from the foodborne pathogen Escherichia coli O157: H7 is
encoded on a temperate bacteriophage. Toxin-encoding phages from C600:: 933W and …

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli is an emergent pathogen that can induce haemolytic
uraemic syndrome. The toxin has received considerable attention not only from …

Shiga and Shiga-like toxins (Stxs) are produced by bacteria able to cause infectious disease
(Karmali, 2004b; Karmali, 2004a; O'Loughlin and Robins-Browne, 2001). These protein …

Shiga toxins are a group of type 2 ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) produced in several
types of bacteria. The toxins possess an AB 5 structure, which comprises a catalytic A chain …

Abstract Background Shiga toxins 1 and 2 (Stx1 and Stx2) are bacteriophage-encoded
proteins that have been associated with hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome and …