Regeneration of skin's barrier function after injury requires temporally coordinated cellular
interactions between multiple cell types. Macrophages are essential inflammatory cells in …

Fibrosis is a detrimental outcome of most chronic inflammatory disorders and is defined by
the buildup of excess extracellular matrix (ECM) components, which eventually leads to …

Although enhanced expression of IL-1 family proteins, including IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1
receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) during wound healing has been observed, the …

M1 and M2 macrophage-type responses kill or repair in vivo. The unique ability of
macrophages to make these polar opposite type of responses provides primary host …

Major trauma results in massive impairment of immunologic reactivity, the clinical
consequence of which consists in the high susceptibility of the traumatized individual toward …

Wound healing is a well-orchestrated complex process leading to the repair of injured
tissues. After injury, proinflammatory cytokines act as important modulators of the …

Significance: Fibrosis is the endpoint of chronic disease in multiple organs, including the
skin, heart, lungs, intestine, liver, and kidneys. Pathologic accumulation of fibrotic tissue …

Certain macrophage phenotypes contribute to tissue fibrosis, but why? Tissues host resident
mononuclear phagocytes for their support to maintain homeostasis. Upon injury the …

Macrophages regulate tissue regeneration following injury. They can worsen tissue injury by
producing reactive oxygen species and other toxic mediators that disrupt cell metabolism …

Bone, cartilage, and soft tissue regeneration is a complex spatiotemporal process recruiting
a variety of cell types, whose activity and interplay must be precisely mediated for effective …