Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and CD4+ type 2 helper T cells (TH2 cells) are
defined by their similar effector cytokines, which together mediate the features of allergic …

In schistosomiasis, chronic parasite egg–induced granuloma formation can lead to tissue
destruction and fibrosis, which causes much of the morbidity and mortality associated with …

IL-6 gained much attention with the discovery that this cytokine is a non-redundant
differentiation factor for Th17 cells and T follicular helper cells. Adaptive immune responses …

The timely resolution of wound healing is critical for restoring the skin as a protective barrier.
The switch from a proinflammatory to a reparative microenvironment must be tightly …

Macrophages are the main components of inflammation during skin wound healing. They
are critical in wound closure and in excessive inflammation, resulting in defective healing …

Significance: This review article provides an overview of the critical roles of the innate
immune system to wound healing. It explores aspects of dysregulation of individual innate …

Importance of chronic fibroproliferative diseases (FDs) including pulmonary fibrosis, chronic
kidney diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and cardiovascular or liver fibrosis is rapidly …

Interleukin-6 is a classic pro-inflammatory cytokine needed to mount an effective immune
response. It is secreted by a wide array of cell types, however, its target cells are more …

Fibrosis is a characteristic pathological feature of an array of chronic diseases, where
development of fibrosis in tissue can lead to marked alterations in the architecture of the …

Stromal cells are a subject of rapidly growing immunological interest based on their ability to
influence virtually all aspects of innate and adaptive immunity. Present in every bodily tissue …