Challenges in the implementation of low-k dielectrics in the back-end of line

R Hoofman, G Verheijden, J Michelon, F Iacopi… - Microelectronic …, 2005 - Elsevier
The introduction of ultra low-k materials in copper technology has been much slower than
anticipated in the ITRS Roadmap. The introduction of porosity in low-k materials has …

Challenges of back end of the line for sub 65 nm generation

M Fayolle, G Passemard, O Louveau, F Fusalba… - Microelectronic …, 2003 - Elsevier
This paper presents a review of interconnect challenges for sub 65 nm node. From this
generation, porous ultra low K (ULK) dielectric materials (dielectric constant k< 2.1) are …

[HTML][HTML] Progress in the development and understanding of advanced low k and ultralow k dielectrics for very large-scale integrated interconnects—State of the art

A Grill, SM Gates, TE Ryan, SV Nguyen… - Applied Physics …, 2014 - pubs.aip.org
The improved performance of the semiconductor microprocessors was achieved for several
decades by continuous scaling of the device dimensions while using the same materials for …

Evaluation of ultra-low-k dielectric materials for advanced interconnects

C Jin, S Lin, JT Wetzel - Journal of electronic materials, 2001 - Springer
Abstract The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors predicts that continued
scaling of devices will require ultra-low-k materials with k values less than 2.5 for the 100 nm …

Integration challenges of porous ultra low-k spin-on dielectrics

K Mosig, T Jacobs, K Brennan, M Rasco, J Wolf… - Microelectronic …, 2002 - Elsevier
In the latest edition of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS), the
predicted time for the introduction of porous ultra low-k materials with a dielectric constant of …

Electrical reliability challenges of advanced low-k dielectrics

C Wu, Y Li, MR Baklanov, K Croes - ECS Journal of Solid State …, 2014 - iopscience.iop.org
We review the latest studies that address the fundamental understanding of low-k dielectric
electrical properties and reliability. We focus on the results discussing the nature of process …

Characterization and integration of a CVD porous SiOCH (k< 2.5) with enhanced mechanical properties for 65 nm CMOS interconnects and below

LL Chapelon, V Arnal, M Broekaart, LG Gosset… - Microelectronic …, 2004 - Elsevier
Device performance for 65 nm node CMOS technology and beyond will require the
integration of porous ultra-low-k materials with dielectric constant below 2.5, in order to …

Mechanical stability of porous low-k dielectrics

K Vanstreels, C Wu, MR Baklanov - ECS Journal of Solid State …, 2014 - iopscience.iop.org
This paper reviews the mechanical and fracture properties of porous ultralow-k dielectrics
with the focus on chip package interaction related issues. It is shown that the mechanical …

Copper interconnects for semiconductor devices

SM Merchant, SH Kang, M Sanganeria… - Jom, 2001 - Springer
Copper/low-k dielectric materials have been rapidly replacing conventional aluminum-
alloy/SiO 2-based interconnects in today's semiconductor devices. This paper reviews the …

Sidewall restoration of porous ultra low-k dielectrics for sub-45 nm technology nodes

H Chaabouni, LL Chapelon, M Aimadeddine… - Microelectronic …, 2007 - Elsevier
Plasma ashing and etching integration steps on porous ultra low-k (ULK) have been
investigated and are found to damage the porous dielectric structural and electrical …