Dopamine (DA) is a key neurotransmitter involved in multiple physiological functions
including motor control, modulation of affective and emotional states, reward mechanisms …

The striatum contains several types of neurons including medium spiny projection neurons
(MSNs), cholinergic interneurons (ChIs), and fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs). Modulating …

Motor execution and planning are tightly regulated by dopamine D1 and D2 receptors
present in basal ganglia circuits. Although stimulation of D1 receptors is known to enhance …

The dopamine (DA) D2 receptor (D2R)-expressing medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs) in the
striatum project to and inhibit the GABAergic neurons in the globus pallidus (GP), forming an …

The ability to abandon old strategies and adopt new ones is essential for survival in a
constantly changing environment. While previous studies suggest the importance of the …

Abstract Dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) mediate many of the actions of dopamine in the
striatum, ranging from movement to the effortful pursuit of reward. Yet despite significant …

Dopamine (DA) is a key modulator of action selection and habit learning. The striatum has
long been thought to be a major locus of DA action in this process. Although all striatal cell …

17 Dopamine (DA) is a critical modulator of brain circuits that control voluntary movements,
but our 18 understanding of its influence on the activity of target neurons in vivo remains …

The striatum is a very heterogenous brain area, composed of different domains and
compartments, albeit lacking visible anatomical demarcations. Two populations of striatal …

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is symptomatically managed with L-DOPA but chronic use results
in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) characterized by abnormal involuntary movements …