Plants can be colonized by fungi that have adopted highly diverse lifestyles, ranging from
symbiotic to necrotrophic. Colonization is governed in all systems by hundreds of secreted …

Pathogenic fungi have diverse growth lifestyles that support fungal colonization on plants.
Successful colonization and infection for all lifestyles depends upon the ability to modify …

Fungal pathogens can secrete hundreds of effectors, some of which are known to promote
host susceptibility. This biological complexity, together with the lack of genetic tools in some …

Plant–microbe interactions have evolved over hundreds of millions of years, generating a
diversity of interactions covering a broad continuum from pathogenic to mutualistic …

Research on effectors secreted by pathogens during host attack has dominated the field of
molecular plant–microbe interactions over recent years. Functional analysis of type III …

Phytopathogenic fungi secrete a large arsenal of effector molecules, including
proteinaceous effectors, small RNAs, phytohormones and derivatives thereof. The …

The ability to secrete effector proteins that can enter plant cells and manipulate host
processes is a key determinant of what makes a successful plant pathogen. Here, we review …

Filamentous microorganisms, such as fungi and oomycetes, secrete an arsenal of effector
proteins that modulate plant innate immunity and enable parasitic infection. Deciphering the …

Fungi interact with plants in various ways, with each interaction giving rise to different
alterations in both partners. While fungal pathogens have detrimental effects on plant …

Plant-colonizing fungi secrete a cocktail of effector proteins during colonization. After
secretion, some of these effectors are delivered into plant cells to directly dampen the plant …