Naturally competent bacteria are able to take up exogenous DNA and undergo genetic
transformation. The transport of DNA from the extracellular milieu into the cytoplasm is a …

Horizontal gene flow is a driving force for bacterial adaptation. Among the three distinct
mechanisms of gene transfer in bacteria, conjugation, transduction, and transformation, the …

▪ Abstract Natural competence is widespread among bacterial species. The mechanism of
DNA uptake in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria is reviewed. The …

Introduction 3. DNA uptake machinery related to type II secretion proteins and type IV pili
3.1. Tfp and DNA uptake/transport 3.2. DNA binding, fragmentation and uptake in Gram …

Transformation is a widespread mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria. DNA
uptake to the periplasmic compartment requires a DNA-uptake pilus and the DNA-binding …

Transport of DNA across bacterial membranes during natural transformation is a fascinating
and elaborate process. It requires the functional integrity of huge multi‐protein complexes …

The mechanisms by which DNA is taken up into the bacterial cell during natural genetic
transformation are poorly understood. Although related components essential to the uptake …

The pathway for binding, processing and transport of transforming DNA into competent cells
of Bacillus subtilis is described. The known proteins involved in mediating these processes …

Natural transformation is a broadly conserved mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in
bacterial species that can shape evolution and foster the spread of antibiotic resistance …

Natural competence for transformation is a mode of horizontal gene transfer that is
commonly used by bacteria to take up DNA from their environment. As part of this …