The utilization of organisms, primarily microbes, to clean up contaminated soils, aquifers,
sludges, residues, and air, known as “bioremediation”, is a rapidly changing and expanding …

In this review, chemical and biological parameters are discussed thatstrongly influence the
speciation of heavy metals, their availability tobiological systems and, consequently, the …

Soils polluted with heavy metals have become common across the globe due to increase in
geologic and anthropogenic activities. Plants growing on these soils show a reduction in …

Bioremediation technology uses microorganisms to reduce, eliminate, contain and transform
to benign products, contaminants present in soils, sediments, water or air. The last 15 years …

7. Conclusion Bioremediation has developed from the laboratory to a fully commercialised
technology over the last 30 years in many industrialised countries. However, the rate and the …

Heavy-metal contaminants are one of the most relevant problems of contemporary
agriculture. High toxicity and the ability to accumulate in soils and crops pose a serious …

Soil contamination with cadmium (Cd) is a severe concern for the developing world due to
its non-biodegradability and significant potential to damage the ecosystem and associated …

Although some heavy metals are essential trace elements, most of them can be toxic to all
forms of life at high concentrations due to formation of complex compounds within the cell …

Historical emissions of old nonferrous factories lead to large geographical areas of metals-
contaminated sites. At least 50 sites in Europe are contaminated with metals like Zn, Cd, Cu …

The decontamination of soils and wastes polluted with heavy metals presents one of the
most intractable problems for soil clean-up. Present technology relies upon metal extraction …