Abstract According to the 202 1 European Society of Cardiology guidelines, the four pillars
of medical therapy in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) include sodium …

The main goals of the pharmacological treatment of Heart failure with reduced ejection
fraction (HFrEF) are the reduction of mortality and the prevention of hospitalizations …

One of the most relevant and differentiating aspects provided by the 2021 European Society
of Cardiology guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure is …

Guideline-directed optimal medical therapy is a well-established therapy in treating patients
with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Despite clear recommendations, the …

The incidence of heart failure is primarily flat or declining for a presumably reflecting better
management of cardiovascular diseases, but that of heart failure with preserved ejection …

Introduction Despite the relevant advances achieved thanks to the traditional step-by-step
therapeutic approach, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) remains …

The advent of newly available medical therapies for heart failure with reduced ejection
fraction (HFrEF) has resulted in many potential therapeutic combinations, increasing …

Introduction Despite considerable advances in the treatment of heart failure with reduced
ejection fraction (HFrEF) over the last 60 years, mortality and morbidity remains high …

Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) is the cornerstone of pharmacological therapy
for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and consists of the four …

Given the high risk of adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection
fraction (HFrEF), there is an urgent need for the initiation and titration of guideline-directed …