Chronic heart failure is a disabling and lethal disorder with high incidence and prevalence in
Western societies. Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and heart …

The model for heart failure has changed radically over the past 20 years. No longer a simple
hemodynamic paradigm of pump dysfunction, heart failure is now characterized as a …

■ ABSTRACT For nearly three decades, starting in the early 1970s, the cardiology research
laboratories at the University of Minnesota served as the focal point for the discovery and …

During the past 50 years there have been vast improvements in the treatment of chronic
heart failure (CHF). CHF was initially considered to be a cardio-renal problem-an acute …

During the last 20 years, physicians have generally regarded heart failure as a
haemodynamic disorder in an attempt to explain patients' symptoms and disability. This …

Because physicians have traditionally considered heart failure to be a hemodynamic
disorder, they have described the syndrome of heart failure using hemodynamic concepts …

Other than natriuretic peptides, neurohumoral markers have not been studied adequately in
heart failure with preserved systolic function. There is little evidence of chronic activation of …

Heart failure is a changing paradigm. The hemodynamic model, which served our needs
well from the 1950s through the early 1980s, has now been largely abandoned, except for …

The pathophysiology of heart failure is closely associated with neuroendocrine changes.
Activation of these humoral systems apparently serves as a compensatory mechanism for …

Understanding the possible role of neurohormonal mechanisms in patients with heart failure
has begun to alter the way in which clinicians are likely to approach the management of …