Oxidative stress results from the disruption of the redox system marked by a notable
overproduction of reactive oxygen species. There are four major sources of reactive oxygen …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant worldwide healthcare problem. Regardless of
the initial injury, renal fibrosis is the common final pathway leading to end stage renal …

Oxidative stress plays a central role in the pathogenesis of diverse chronic inflammatory
disorders including diabetic complications, cardiovascular disease, aging, and chronic …

Fibrosis of the glomerulus and the tubulointerstitium occurs in patients with hypertension.
Studies have shown that renal oxidative stress appears in hypertensive kidney disease. The …

Renal fibrosis is the principal process underlying the progression of chronic kidney disease
(CKD) to endstage renal disease (ESRD). It is a relatively uniform response involving …

Renal inflammation is the initial, healthy response to renal injury. However, prolonged
inflammation promotes the fibrosis process, which leads to chronic pathology and eventually …

It has been reported that oxidative stress has a pivotal role in many disorders such as
chronic kidney diseases. Free radicals can directly attack cellular elements, trigger …

Many types of kidney injury induce inflammation as a protective response. However,
unresolved inflammation promotes progressive renal fibrosis, which can culminate in end …

That reactive oxygen species are involved in progressive renal injury is supported by
several lines of evidence: increased generation of oxidants occurs in chronic renal injury; …

Introduction The current therapeutic armamentarium to prevent chronic kidney disease
(CKD) progression is limited to the control of blood pressure and in diabetic patients, the …