The Warburg effect mediator pyruvate kinase M2 expression and regulation in the retina

RVS Rajala, A Rajala, C Kooker, Y Wang… - Scientific reports, 2016 - nature.com
The tumor form of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation and
gives rise to the Warburg effect. The Warburg effect defines a pro-oncogenic metabolism …

Pyruvate kinase M2 regulates photoreceptor structure, function, and viability

A Rajala, Y Wang, RS Brush, K Tsantilas… - Cell death & …, 2018 - nature.com
Abstract Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a glycolytic enzyme that is expressed in cancer cells.
Its role in tumor metabolism is not definitively established, but investigators have suggested …

Tyrosine phosphorylation inhibits PKM2 to promote the Warburg effect and tumor growth

T Hitosugi, S Kang, MG Vander Heiden, TW Chung… - Science …, 2009 - science.org
The Warburg effect describes a pro-oncogenic metabolism switch such that cancer cells take
up more glucose than normal tissue and favor incomplete oxidation of glucose even in the …

Aerobic glycolysis in the retina: functional roles of pyruvate kinase isoforms

RVS Rajala - Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 2020 - frontiersin.org
One hundred years ago, Otto Heinrich Warburg observed that postmitotic retinal cells are the
highest oxygen-consuming cells in the body. He compared these cells to actively growing …

[HTML][HTML] M-type pyruvate kinase isoforms and lactate dehydrogenase A in the mammalian retina: metabolic implications

RJ Casson, JPM Wood, G Han… - … & visual science, 2016 - arvojournals.org
Purpose: Like cancer cells, photoreceptor cells produce lactate aerobically, requiring lactate
dehydrogenase A (LDH-A). Cancer cells also use glycolytic intermediates for biosynthesis …

Tyrosine kinase signaling in cancer metabolism: PKM2 paradox in the Warburg effect

EK Wiese, T Hitosugi - Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2018 - frontiersin.org
The Warburg Effect, or aerobic glycolysis, is one of the major metabolic alterations observed
in cancer. Hypothesized to increase a cell's proliferative capacity via regenerating NAD+ …

The responsively decreased PKM2 facilitates the survival of pancreatic cancer cells in hypoglucose

X Li, S Deng, M Liu, Y Jin, S Zhu, S Deng, J Chen… - Cell death & …, 2018 - nature.com
Cancer cells predominantly produce energy at a high rate of glycolysis even in aerobic
environment. It is termed as Warburg effect and is necessary for the tumorigenesis. Studies …

New roles for pyruvate kinase M2: working out the Warburg effect

EC Ferguson, JC Rathmell - Trends in biochemical sciences, 2008 - cell.com
The origins and role of the Warburg effect have remained uncertain for many years. Two
recent studies demonstrate that an embryonic-and cancer-cell-specific isoform of the …

Glucose restriction reverses the Warburg effect and modulates PKM2 and mTOR expression in breast cancer cell lines

R Tahtouh, L Wardi, R Sarkis, R Hachem… - Cellular and Molecular …, 2019 - cellmolbiol.org
Aerobic glycolysis, known as the" Warburg effect”, is one of several hallmarks of cancer
cells. The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate can be down regulated by …

[HTML][HTML] Pyruvate kinase type M2 contributes to the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by regulating the production of metabolites and reactive oxygen …

M Yokoyama, N Tanuma… - International …, 2018 - spandidos-publications.com
The majority of cancer cells maintain a high glycolytic activity and an increased lactate
production, even in a well oxygenated environment. This phenomenon is known as the …