Background & Aims Cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive hepatobiliary malignancy
originating from biliary tract epithelium. Whether cholangiocarcinoma is responsive to …

Purpose To dissect the tumor ecosystem following immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) in
intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) at a single-cell level. Methods Single-cell RNA …

Background Immunotherapy has demonstrated a limited clinical efficacy in approximately
5% of cholangiocarcinoma. The main challenges for an effective immunotherapy response …

Background and Aims Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a severe malignant tumor in
which the standard therapies are mostly ineffective. The biological significance of the …

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is becoming more common and deadly worldwide. Tumor-
infiltrating T cell subtypes make distinct contributions to the immune system; collectively, they …

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) encompasses a heterogeneous group of
malignant tumors with dismal prognosis and increasing incidence worldwide. Both late …

Purpose: More effective therapy is needed for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The
encouraging clinical results obtained with checkpoint molecule-specific monoclonal …

Immune checkpoints include stimulatory and inhibitory checkpoint molecules. In recent
years, inhibitory checkpoints, including cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA …

Liver cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers, and the third most common cause of
cancer-related mortality worldwide. The therapeutic options for the main types of primary …

Background & Aims Ligand binding to inhibitory receptors on immune cells, such as
programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA4) …