In vitro tissue/organ models are useful platforms that can facilitate systematic, repetitive, and
quantitative investigations of drugs/chemicals. The primary objective when developing …

Improving the ability to predict the efficacy and toxicity of drug candidates earlier in the drug
discovery process will speed up the introduction of new drugs into clinics. 3D in vitro …

Abstract 3D bioprinting is emerging as a promising technology for fabricating complex tissue
constructs with tailored biological components and mechanical properties. Recent advances …

The pharmacology and toxicology of a broad variety of therapies and chemicals have
significantly improved with the aid of the increasing in vitro models of complex human …

There is a great need for the development of biomimetic human tissue models that allow
elucidation of the pathophysiological conditions involved in disease initiation and …

Successful launch of a commercial drug requires significant investment of time and financial
resources wherein late-stage failures become a reason for catastrophic failures in drug …

Three-dimensional (3D) tissue modeling is an emerging field of investigation for disease
mechanisms, drug testing, and therapeutic effects for human survival. Various methods have …

The inadequacy of conventional cell‐monolayer planar cultures and animal experiments in
predicting the toxicity and clinical efficacy of drug candidates has led to an imminent need …

Highlights•3D cultures are more advantageous than monolayers as biomimetics for drug
screening.•Bioprinting constructs complex tissue models that serve in vitro drug …

High-throughput technologies have become essential in many fields of pharmaceutical and
biological development and production. Such technologies were initially developed with …