Abstract Ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury is a process whereby an initial hypoxic insult and
subsequent return of blood flow leads to the propagation of innate immune responses and …

Abstract Background/Aims: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is expressed on hepatic non-
parenchymal cells and hepatocytes. Hepatic signaling through TLR4 is critical in the …

Background Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is involved in innate immunity by recognizing
endotoxin resulting in a burst of inflammatory cascade. We investigated the relation between …

Endogenous ligands such as high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and nucleic acids are
released by dying cells and bind Toll‐like receptors (TLRs). Because TLR9 sits at the …

Hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a highly coordinated process often observed
during liver transplantation, liver surgery, and hemorrhagic shock. Signaling through toll-like …

Endogenous ligands from damaged cells, so-called damage-associated molecular pattern
molecules, can activate innate immunity via TLR4 signaling. Hepatic warm ischemia and …

Abstract Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is ubiquitously expressed on parenchymal and immune
cells of the liver and is the most studied TLR responsible for the activation of …

Toll‐like receptor‐5 (TLR5) signaling regulates the immune privileged status of the liver and
is involved in hepatic immune disorders. However, the role of TLR5 has not yet been …

Background. Although toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation has been demonstrated to play a
key role in the induction of intrahepatic inflammation, leading to hepatocellular damage in …

Abstract Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury constitutes a major reason for failure of liver
surgeries and transplantation. I/R injury is more severe in steatotic livers and limits their use …