The health of living organisms is constantly challenged by bacterial and viral threats. The
recognition of pathogenic microorganisms by diverse receptors triggers a variety of host …

The family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is receiving considerable attention as potential
regulators and controllers of the immune response through their ability to recognize …

The remarkable discovery of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) over the past 5 years has opened
up an entirely new era in the understanding of the molecular events that initiate the …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the pattern recognition receptors, which are activated by
foreign and host molecules in order to initiate the immune response. They play a crucial role …

Abstract Background Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an important family of receptors that
constitute the first line of defense system against microbes. They can recognize both …

Since the identification of the first Toll-like receptor (TLR) in humans in 1997, understanding
of the molecular basis for innate immunity has increased significantly. The TLR family and …

Roles for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are emerging in conditions such as sepsis syndrome,
systemic lupus erythromatosis, rheumatoid arthritis and asthma, suggesting that the …

The family of Toll-like receptors (TLR1-TLR11) provides host defense in mammals by
inducing proinflammatory innate immune response upon recognition of conserved structural …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of transmembrane receptors that have been
preserved throughout evolution and which selectively recognize a broad spectrum of …

Inflammation is an essential process in response to injury and infection. However, under
certain circumstances dis‐regulation of this process can lead to pathologies such as …