Introduction: Cognitive enhancers (CEs), also known as “smart drugs”,“study aids” or
“nootropics” are a cause of concern. Recent research studies investigated the use of CEs …

This article reviews current data on the use of cognition enhancers as study aids in the
student population. It identifies gaps and uncertainties in the knowledge required to make a …

Cognitive enhancement (CE) is the pharmaceutical augmentation of mental abilities (eg,
learning or memory) without medical necessity. This topic has recently attracted widespread …

Abstract 'Smart drugs'(also known as 'nootropics' and 'cognitive enhancers'[CEs]) are being
used by healthy subjects (ie students and workers) typically to improve memory, attention …

Pharmacological cognitive enhancement (CE) is a topic of increasing public awareness. In
the scientific literature on student use of CE as a study aid for academic performance …

Abstract Pharmacological “cognitive enhancement”(CE) is defined as the use of any
psychoactive drug with the purpose of enhancing cognition, eg regarding attention …

Background: Pharmacological cognitive enhancement, using chemicals to change cellular
processes in the brain in order to enhance one's cognitive capacities, is an often discussed …

Background The use of cognitive enhancement (CE) by means of pharmaceutical agents
has been the subject of intense debate both among scientists and in the media. This study …

Use of 'smart drugs' among UK students is described in frequent media reports as a rapidly
increasing phenomenon. This article reports findings from the first large-scale survey of …

A primary means for the augmentation of cognitive brain functions is “pharmacological
cognitive enhancement”(PCE). The term usually refers to the off-label use of medical …