Distinct types of immune responses are activated by infections, which cause the
development of type I, II, or III inflammation, regulated by Th1, Th2, Th17 helper T cells and …

Pyroptosis and necroptosis represent two pathways of genetically encoded necrotic cell
death. Although these cell death programmes can protect the host against microbial …

Highlights•Regulated cell death (RCD) can impact on immunity to microbes via multiple
mechanisms.•Manipulation of RCD shows RCD can have both beneficial and detrimental …

Microbial infection and tissue injury are well established as the two major drivers of
inflammation. However, although it is widely accepted that necrotic cell death can trigger or …

Compared to the tidy and immunologically silent death during apoptosis, necrosis seems
like a chaotic and unorganized demise. However, we now recognize that there is a method …

It is well known that necrotic cells are capable of promoting inflammation through releasing
so‐called endogenous 'danger signals' that can promote activation of macrophages …

Highlights•Sterile necrotic cell death induces acute inflammatory response.•Macrophages
sense the danger signals from dead cells and induce IL-1α.•IL-1α also serves as a primary …

Cell death plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation and may be the result of
inflammation. The maintenance of tissue homeostasis necessitates both the recognition and …

Necrosis has long been described as a consequence of physico-chemical stress and thus
accidental and uncontrolled. Recently, it is becoming clear that necrotic cell death is as well …

Immune cells and skin and mucosal epithelial cells recognize invasive microbes and other
signs of danger to sound alarms that recruit responder cells and initiate an immediate …