Influenza viruses are emerging and re-emerging viruses that cause worldwide epidemics
and pandemics. Despite substantial knowledge of the mechanisms of infection and …

Influenza virus infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the human
population. Depending on the virulence of the influenza virus strain, as well as the …

Influenza remains one of the most significant public health threats due to its ability to cause
high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although understanding of influenza viruses has …

Animal models have been an important tool for the development of influenza virus vaccines
since the 1940s. Over the past 80 years, influenza virus vaccines have evolved into more …

A major challenge for research on influenza vaccines is the selection of an appropriate
animal model that accurately reflects the disease and the protective immune response to …

Influenza virus infection of humans results in a respiratory disease that ranges in severity
from sub-clinical infection to primary viral pneumonia that can result in death. The clinical …

At present, new influenza A (H1N1) 2009 viruses of swine origin are responsible for the first
influenza pandemic of the 21st Century. In addition, highly pathogenic avian influenza …

Influenza A virus causes a highly contagious respiratory disease with potentially fatal
outcomes in both humans and animals. Animal models for studying the pathogenesis of the …

In humans, infection with an influenza A or B virus manifests typically as an acute and self-
limited upper respiratory tract illness characterized by fever, cough, sore throat, and malaise …

It has been 40 years since the last influenza pandemic and it is generally considered that
another could occur at any time. Recent introductions of influenza A viruses from avian …