The persistent activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic-
adrenal-medullary axes in chronic stress response and in depression impairs the immune …

Psychological stress is a well-accepted risk factor in cancer initiation and progression. The
explosive growth of psychoneuroimmunology research in the past decade has yielded an …

The links between the psychological and physiological features of cancer risk and
progression have been studied through psychoneuroimmunology. The persistent activation …

Advances in the understanding of psychoneuroimmunology in the past decade have
emphasized the notion that stress and cancer are interlinked closely. Durable chronic stress …

Stress is a state of disrupted homeostasis, triggered by intrinsic or extrinsic factors, the
stressors, which are counteracted by various physiological and behavioural adaptive …

The range of psychosocial stress factors/processes (eg, chronic stress, distress states,
coping, social adversity) were reviewed as they relate to immune variables in cancer along …

There is substantial evidence from both healthy populations as well as individuals with
cancer linking psychological stress with immune downregulation. This discussion highlights …

Epidemiologic evidence increasingly has supported the role of biobehavioral risk factors
such as social adversity, depression, and stress in cancer progression. This review …

Both stress and depression have been associated with impaired immune function and
increased susceptibility of the patient to infectious diseases and cancer. While it was initially …

Research in biobehavioral oncology has been focused on stress as one dispositional factor
in the multifactorial origin and in the clinical progression of malignant disease. New insights …