Although the available minimally invasive surgical techniques (ie, laparoscopy) have clear
advantages, these procedures continue to cause problems for patients. Surgical tools are …

The field of robot-assisted surgery is in its infancy and indications for its use in urologic
surgery are expanding. There is a rich tradition in urology of using advanced technology to …

There is an increasing demand for minimally invasive surgery, despite any controversy over
whether patients benefit from minimally invasive procedures rather than undergoing open …

Surgical robotics, the result of the combined efforts of engineers, computer scientists,
entrepreneurs, and surgeons, has enabled the surgeon to execute precise technical …

During the last two decades the field of urology has seen a tremendous growth in minimally
invasive surgery. Potential advantages with this shift toward laparoscopic surgery include …

Surgical robots have begun to appear on the market in the last few years and have started to
populate the operating rooms in large medical centers. These systems have already …

Current medical robots have nothing in common with the anthropomorphic robots in science
fiction classics. They are in fact, manipulators, working on a master–slave principle. Robots …

Surgery has evolved from the 19th century through the introduction of ether anesthesia,
principles of antisepsis, and the formalization of surgical training. 1 In the late 20th century …

Surgery has traditionally been a specialty within the medical profession that has revolved
around invasive procedures to treat various maladies. Initially, trauma induced by a …

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