The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are ubiquitous in cellular signaling
and are essential for proper biological functions. Disruptions in this signaling axis can lead …

The discovery of MK5 as a p38 regulated and activated kinase 3. Structure and expression
4. Regulation of activity 4.1 Is MK5 regulated by the p38 MAPK pathway in vivo? 4.2 The …

Diabetic nephropathy remains an area of high unmet medical need, with current therapies
that slow down, but do not prevent, the progression of disease. A reduced phosphorylation …

Interleukin-1 stimulates Jun N-terminal/stress-activated protein kinase by an arachidonate-
dependent mechanism in mesangial cells. Background We have studied interleukin-1 (IL-1) …

Perturbed action of signal transduction pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein
(MAP) kinase pathways, is one of the hallmarks of many cancers. While the implication of the …

Abstract Background p21-Activated kinase 4 (PAK4), a serine/threonine kinase implicated in
the cytoskeleton organization to orchestrate cell morphology, adhesion, and motility, is …

Abstract The p21‐activated kinase 1 (Pak1) is a serine/threonine kinase whose activity is
regulated by both Rho GTPases and AGC kinase family members. It plays a role in …

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induces both functional and morphological changes in the
kidney. Necrosis, predominantly of the proximal tubule (PT), is the hallmark of this model of …

Abstract Changes in the osmolality of body fluids pose a serious danger to cells and living
organisms, which have developed cellular systems to sense and respond to osmotic stress …

MAP kinase‐activated protein (MAPKAP) kinase‐2 is activated in vivo by reactivating kinase
(RK), a MAP kinase (MAPK) homologue stimulated by cytokines and cellular stresses. Here …