Studies of reptile (nonavian reptiles) chromosomes began well over a century ago (1897)
with the initial report on the description of sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) chromosomes. Since …

Genomic analysis of many nonmodel species has uncovered an incredible diversity of sex
chromosome systems, making it possible to empirically test the rich body of evolutionary …

All snake species exhibit genetic sex determination with the ZZ/ZW type of sex
chromosomes. To investigate the origin and evolution of snake sex chromosomes, we …

The Y and W chromosomes of mammals and birds are known to be small because most of
their genetic content degenerated and were lost due to absence of recombination with the X …

Humans, mice, and even kangaroos have an XX female: XY male system of sex
determination, in which the Y harbors a male-dominant sex-determining gene SRY. Birds …

Reptiles display a wide diversity of sex-determining mechanisms ranging from temperature-
dependent sex determination (TSD) to genotypic sex determination (GSD) with either male …

Populations of the gecko lizard Gekko hokouensis (Gekkonidae, Squamata) on
Okinawajima Island and a few other islands of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, have the …

Sex chromosomes are a great example of a convergent evolution at the genomic level,
having evolved dozens of times just within amniotes. An intriguing question is whether this …

Identifying homology between sex chromosomes of different species is essential to
understanding the evolution of sex determination. Here, we show that the identity of a …

The divergence of lineages leading to extant squamate reptiles (lizards, snakes, and
amphisbaenians) and birds occurred about 275 million years ago. Birds, unlike squamates …