This article examines the historical evolution of various practice guidelines designed to
minimize the possibility of thermal injury during a diagnostic ultrasound examination …

This review evaluates the thermal mechanism for ultrasound‐induced biological effects in
postnatal subjects. The focus is the evaluation of damage versus temperature increase. A …

Processes that can produce a biological effect with some degree of heating (ie, about 1° C
above the physiologic temperature) act via a thermal mechanism. Investigations with …

Safety considerations for diagnostic ultrasonography have gradually changed as new
instruments, not only more powerful in performance but also in ultrasonic exposure, have …

This review examines the nonthermal physical mechanisms by which ultrasound can harm
tissue in postnatal patients. First the physical nature of the more significant interactions …

We address the issue of health and safety in relation to exposure to diagnostic ultrasound,
with particular emphasis given to obstetrics. In terms of fetal and maternal outcomes, the …

Diagnostic ultrasound has an excellent safety record, with no evidence to date for harm
arising from human exposure. It is, however, still the responsibility of the person carrying out …

Nearly two million obstetric ultrasound scans per year are performed in England, a rate of
over three per live birth1. A substantial percentage of these occur during the first trimester of …

Safety assurance for diagnostic ultrasound in obstetrics began with a tacit assumption of
safety allowed by a federal law enacted in 1976 for then-existing medical ultrasound …

One of the major contributions of EL Carstensen to medical ultrasonography lies in the
research studies by him and his colleagues on biophysical mechanisms for biological …