An attempt has been made to clarify the exteroceptive control mechanism of extrinsic tongue
muscles in cats. For this purpose, excitatory and inhibitory receptive fields of extrinsic tongue …

The origins of the somatic motor nerve innervating the cat lingual muscles were studied
using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. Following HRP injection into the lingual …

The possible interaction among different sensory units in the frog tongue was studied using
several single papillae dually innervated by the medial and lateral branches of the …

The descending trigeminal tract and its nuclei were described in the mallard (Anas
Platyrhynchos L.). The borders of the system were established in Fink-Heimer preparations …

The morphology of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus was examined microscopically in
serial frozen sections. The nucleus extends over a length of about 4.5 mm, and its cell …

Little is known about the organization of corticofugal projections controlling antagonistic jaw
muscles. To address this issue, we employed retrograde (Fluorogold; FG) and anterograde …

Trigeminal ganglia were unilaterally macerated manually through the foramen ovale in three
forgs. Rana catesbeiana, and in two toads, Bufo marinus. Following a two to three week post …

A trigeminal monosynaptic “masticatory” stretch reflex was found in ducks. The trigeminal
unipolar neurons located in the posterior commissure represent its afferent limb. Their …

A direct projection from rat mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Vme) neurons to the
hypoglossal nucleus (XII) motoneurons was studied using a double labeling method of …