The development of jaws was a critical event in vertebrate evolution because it ushered in a
transition to a predatory lifestyle, but how this innovation came about has been a mystery. In …

Abstract Arising from: MJ Cohn Nature 416, 386–387 (2002). In vertebrates with jaws
(gnathostomes), the jaws are formed from the first pharyngeal arch (PA1), which does not …

HOX genes are essential for growth and patterning of the tetrapod limb skeleton1–5. Mice
mutant for the Hoxd-13 gene have an important delay in morphogenesis owing to reduced …

Comparative analyses of Hox gene expression and regulation in teleost fish and tetrapods
support the long-entrenched notion that the distal region of tetrapod limbs, containing the …

The clustered organization of Hox genes provides a powerful opportunity to examine gene
gain and loss in evolution because physical linkage is a key diagnostic feature which allows …

Most living vertebrates are jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), and the living jawless
vertebrates (cyclostomes), hagfishes and lampreys, provide scarce information about the …

The Hox genes encode a class of transcription factors that are thought to be crucial for
specification of body plans. This means that they are of interest to both developmental and …

Hox genes regulate regionalization of the axial skeleton in vertebrates,,,,,,, and changes in
their expression have been proposed to be a fundamental mechanism driving the evolution …

A defining feature governing head patterning of jawed vertebrates is a highly conserved
gene regulatory network that integrates hindbrain segmentation with segmentally restricted …

Cephalopods are a diverse group of highly derived molluscs, including nautiluses, squids,
octopuses and cuttlefish. Evolution of the cephalopod body plan from a monoplacophoran …