During sepsis, a complex network of cytokine, immune, and endothelial cell interactions
occur and disturbances in the microcirculation cause organ dysfunction or even failure …

Sex and gender dimorphisms are found in a large variety of diseases, including sepsis and
septic shock which are more prevalent in men than in women. Animal models show that the …

Objective: Laboratory studies demonstrated significant detrimental effects of male sex-
steroids (testosterone) on immune functions following hemorrhagic shock and soft-tissue …

In this mini-review we provide an overview of sex-and gender-dependent issues in both
clinical and preclinical sepsis. The increasing recognition for the need to account for sex and …

Background In animal studies, gender differences were related to hormonal and
immunologic changes that were associated with an increased susceptibility to sepsis in …

Materials and Methods: We analyzed 6,134 adult patients with sepsis from the critical care
units of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center between 2001 and 2012. Study data were …

Several clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated gender dimorphism in immune
and organ responsiveness and in the susceptibility to and morbidity from shock, trauma, and …

Abstract mdash;: Clinical studies demonstrate a better outcome of sepsis in females.
Elevated estrogen levels and plasma cytokine imbalance occur in septic patients. We …

An analysis of current literature on sexual dimorphism in response to trauma-hemorrhage
revealed conflicting reports on the role of gender in outcomes of trauma patients. In contrast …

Despite efforts in prevention and intensive care, trauma and subsequent sepsis are still
associated with a high mortality rate. Traumatic injury remains the main cause of death in …