Background. As antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs in sub-Saharan Africa mature,
increasing numbers of persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection will …

Limited data exist on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) resistance in patients
who are not responding to protease inhibitor (PI)–based regimens in resource-limited …

Protease inhibitor (PI)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) can effectively suppress HIV-2
plasma load and increase CD4 counts; however, not all PIs are equally active against HIV-2 …

Background We investigated the prevalence of wild-type virus (no major drug resistance)
and drug resistance mutations at second-line antiretroviral treatment (ART) failure in a large …

Background Emerging HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) could jeopardize the success of
standardized HIV management protocols in resource-limited settings. We characterized …

Objectives Limited availability of viral load (VL) monitoring in HIV treatment programmes in
sub-Saharan Africa can delay switching to second-line ART, leading to the accumulation of …

Background Poor adherence to antiretroviral drugs and viral resistance are the main drivers
of treatment failure in HIV-infected patients. In sub-Saharan Africa, avoidance of treatment …

Background: We assessed risk factors for viremia and drug resistance among long-term
recipients of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in South Africa. Methods: In 2008, we conducted a …

Background There are few data on the epidemiology of primary HIV-1 drug resistance after
the roll-out of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to assess the …

Background. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug resistance may limit the
benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART). This cohort study examined patterns of drug …