Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system and
its distribution varies across the world. 1, 2 We studied the prevalence and sex trends of MS …

The epidemiological approach has undoubtedly contributed to our knowledge of Multiple
Sclerosis (MS) by providing some etiological hypotheses in spite of the fact that a definitive …

In the last edition of this handbook, this chapter concluded with the statement that
epidemiology is inferential—its role is to provide etiologic clues, but it cannot prove nor …

Objectives Previous studies have demonstrated a strong latitudinal gradient in multiple
sclerosis (MS) prevalence. Herein, we present a meta-analysis of the latitudinal gradient of …

Background In France, two studies analysed multiple sclerosis prevalence nationwide: one
was carried out in farmers, and the other one in employees. A south-north gradient of …

The uneven geographical distribution of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the differences in
disease severity observed between different ethnic groups indicate a complex interplay …

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common cause of neurological disability in
young adults worldwide and approximately half of those affected are in Europe. The …

Background A debate surrounding multiple sclerosis epidemiology has centred on time-
related incidence increases and the need of monitoring. The purpose of this study is to …

MS-pathogenesis involves both genetic-susceptibility and environmental determinants.
Three (or more) sequential environmental-factors are implicated. The first acts near birth, the …

Background The geographic distribution of multiple sclerosis (MS) is classically divided into
three zones based on frequency that were established by Kurtzke in the early 1970s. In …