Introduction: The immune response is mediated via two parallel immune components, innate
and adaptive, whose effector functions are highly integrated and coordinated for the …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the pattern recognition receptors, which are activated by
foreign and host molecules in order to initiate the immune response. They play a crucial role …

Introduction: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a crucial part of the innate immunity and present
the first line of defense against pathogens. In humans, there are ten TLRs, with TLR3, 7, 8 …

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system
mediate and control the activation and progression of adaptive immunity. Toll-like receptors …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in host defence and inflammation. Given that a
significant amount of evidence implicates TLRs in the pathogenesis of immune diseases …

The evolutionary conserved Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are the first identified and best
characterized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which discriminate self from nonself …

Since the identification of the first Toll-like receptor (TLR) in humans in 1997, understanding
of the molecular basis for innate immunity has increased significantly. The TLR family and …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in innate immune responses to infection.
Binding of agonists to TLRs promotes maturation of antigen presenting cells, such as …

Immunotherapies that can either activate or suppress innate immune responses are being
investigated as treatments against infectious diseases and the pathology they can cause …

Since the discovery of human TLRs, manipulating the activity of these receptors to modulate
immune responses for therapeutic purposes has initiated intense activity in the …