A fundamental question in microbiology is how bacterial cells manage to coordinate gene
expression with cell growth during adapting to various environmental conditions. Although …

To thrive in nature, bacteria have to reproduce efficiently under favorable conditions and
persist during stress. The global strategy that integrates the growth control and stress …

Understanding how bacteria coordinate gene expression with biomass growth to adapt to
various stress conditions remains a grand challenge in biology. Stress response is often …

Growth and division are central to cell size. Bacteria achieve size homeostasis by dividing
when growth has added a constant size since birth, termed the adder principle, by unknown …

(p) ppGpp is at the core of global bacterial regulation as it controls growth, the most
important aspect of life. It would therefore be expected that at least across a species the …

Bacteria have developed sophisticated signal transduction pathways to sense and respond
to environmental stresses. These pathways include intracellular regulators that elicit …

Cellular growth requires a high level of coordination to ensure that all processes run in
concert. The role of the nucleotide alarmone (p) ppGpp has been extensively studied in …

When bacteria experience growth-limiting environmental conditions, the synthesis of the
hyperphosphorylated guanosine derivatives (p) ppGpp is induced by enzymes of the …

Two (p) ppGpp nucleotide analogs, sometimes abbreviated simply as ppGpp, are
widespread in bacteria and plants. Their name alarmone reflects a view of their function as …

During stress, bacteria undergo extensive physiological transformations, many of which are
coordinated by ppGpp. Although ppGpp is best known for enhancing cellular resilience by …