The underlying mechanisms and treatment of painful temporomandibular disorders (TMDs)
are important but understudied topics in craniofacial research. As a group of …

Persistent pain is the main reason for patient presentation with temporomandibular joint
(TMJ) disorders. The pain is thought to result, at least in part, from sensitization of trigeminal …

Psychoneuroimmunology characterizes a disease entity that combines psychological
components, central nervous system regulation, and immunology, to explain the etiological …

Tissue damage, inflammation or injury of the nervous system may result in chronic
neuropathic pain characterised by increased sensitivity to painful stimuli (hyperalgesia), the …

Pain is an unpleasant sensation associated with injury, inflammation, and infection. It has
been demonstrated that communication between immune cells and neurons plays a vital …

Chronic pain remains a public health problem and contributes to the ongoing opioid
epidemic. Current pain management therapies still leave many patients with poorly …

Pain places an enormous burden on the healthcare system as well as the quality of life of
individuals all around the world, with an economic cost over $600 billion in the United States …

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of musculoskeletal diseases affecting
masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints (TMJ). In this context, the chronic TMD …

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) consists of bone, cartilage, ligaments, and associated
masticatory muscles and tendons that coordinate to enable mastication in mammals. The …

Reciprocal signalling between immunocompetent cells in the central nervous system (CNS)
has emerged as a key phenomenon underpinning pathological and chronic pain …