Objectives: We designed a prospective case-control study of patients with clinically isolated
syndrome (CIS) and Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) with an Expanded …

Objectives To evaluate the presence of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI)
and cerebral venous anomalies in a consecutive series of patients with multiple sclerosis …

Background This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical relevance of chronic
cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and healthy …

Objective Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the CNS.
Recently a controversial vascular hypothesis for MS, termed chronic cerebrospinal venous …

Objectives The traditional view that multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease has
recently been challenged by the claim that MS is caused by chronic cerebrospinal venous …

Objective Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has been proposed as a
major risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to assess inter …

Objective: It is still unclear whether chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is
associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), because substantial methodological differences …

Background Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency (CCSVI) has been associated with
multiple sclerosis (MS) with a risk ranging from as high as two-hundred-fold to a protective …

Objectives: A chronic state of impaired cerebral and cervical venous drainage, termed
chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), has recently been implicated in the …

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a syndrome characterized by
stenoses or obstructions of the internal jugular and/or azygos veins with disturbed flow and …