In a case-control study, matching on a disease risk score (DRS), which includes many
confounders, should theoretically result in greater precision than matching on only a few …

Purpose Individual matching in case-control studies improves statistical efficiency over
random selection of controls but can lead to selection bias if cases are excluded due to the …

Misconceptions about the impact of case–control matching remain common. We discuss
several subtle problems associated with matched case–control studies that do not arise or …

Matching by a confounder in a case–control study nearly always produces a control-
selection bias that mixes with the confounding to produce a net bias. Previous theoretical …

Matching on demographic variables is commonly used in case–control studies to adjust for
confounding at the design stage. There is a presumption that matched data need to be …

Background Studies of the effect of exposure to a risk factor measured in an entire cohort
may be augmented by nested case-control subsets to investigate confounding or effect …

In observational studies of the effect of an exposure on an outcome, the exposure–outcome
association is usually confounded by other causes of the outcome (potential confounders) …

Background: Matched case-control data have a structure that is similar to longitudinal data
with correlated outcomes, except for a retrospective sampling scheme. In conditional logistic …

Although the need for addressing matching in the analysis of matched case-control studies
is well established, debate remains as to the most appropriate analytical method when …

For epidemiologic matched case-control study designs, SAS programs were developed to
match cases (persons with disease/event of interest) to controls (comparison group of …