Background After a stroke, patients show significant modifications of neural control of
movement, such as abnormal muscle co-activation, and reduced selectivity and modulation …

Muscle synergies are hypothesized to reflect connections among motoneurons in the spinal
cord activated by central commands and sensory feedback. Robotic rehabilitation of upper …

The central nervous system (CNS) is able to control a very high number of degrees of
freedom to perform complex movements of both upper and lower limbs. However, what …

Fine motor control is achieved through the coordinated activation of groups of muscles, or
“muscle synergies.” Muscle synergies change after stroke as a consequence of the motor …

Background: Recent experimental evidence has indicated that the motor system coordinates
muscle activations through a linear combination of muscle synergies that are specified at the …

Background Abnormal intermuscular coordination limits the motor capability of stroke-
affected upper limbs. By evaluating the intermuscular coordination in the affected limb under …

Background: The efficacy of robot-assisted rehabilitation as a technique for achieving motor
recovery is still being debated. The effects of robotic assistance are generally measured …

Long-term disability caused by stroke is largely due to an impairment of motor function. The
functional consequences after stroke are caused by central nervous system adaptations and …

Motor system uses muscle synergies as a modular organization to simplify the control of
movements. Motor cortical impairments, such as stroke and spinal cord injuries, disrupt the …

The central nervous system produces movements by activating specifically programmed
muscle synergies that are also altered with injuries in the brain, such as stroke. In this study …