We describe the development of a cardiac flow model and imaging chamber to permit
Doppler assessment of complex and dynamic flow events. The model development included …

Abstract 3D color Doppler echocardiography has recently been employed to evaluate 3D
proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) and vena contracta (VC) area measures of …

Current Doppler echocardiography quantification of mitral regurgitation (MR) severity has
shortcomings. Proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA)-based methods, for example, are …

The clinical evaluation of blood flow regurgitation through a heart valve or stenotic lesion is
an unresolved problem. The proximal flowfield region has been the study focus in the last …

Three-dimensional echocardiography offers great promise for improving the understanding
of the mitral valve anatomy, function, and pathology. It may have important implications for …

BACKGROUND: Visualization of valvular regurgitation using 3-dimensional (3D)
echocardiography has been attempted but not routinely performed to date because of …

Background: Prior studies have reconstructed mitral regurgitant flow in three dimensions
displaying gray scale renditions of the jets, which were difficult to differentiate from …

Attempts to quantify valvular regurgitation have recently been focused on the proximal orifice
flow field. A complete description of the proximal orifice flow field is provided in this …

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate feasibility and accuracy of real-time 3-
dimensional (3D) echocardiography for quantification of mitral regurgitation (MR), in a head …

Background Accurate assessment of mitral regurgitation (MR) severity is crucial for clinical
decision-making and optimizing patient outcomes. Recent advances in real-time three …