Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor–drug resistance mutations (DRM) are
increasingly reported in Africans failing their first antiretroviral regimen. The Phidisa II trial …

Background: The South African national antiretroviral therapy roll-out program is entering its
sixth year, with over 570,000 adults accessing treatment. HIV-1 drug resistance is a potential …

Background The emergence of complex HIV-1 drug resistance mutations has been linked to
the duration of time patients are on a failing antiretroviral drug regimen. This study reports on …

Background Studies of patients failing second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-
limited settings (RLS) are few. Evidence suggests most patients who appear to be …

We analyzed antiretroviral drug susceptibility in HIV-infected adults failing first-and second-
line antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Rakai, Uganda. Samples obtained from participants at …

The emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations has mainly been linked to the duration
and composition of antiretroviral treatment (ART), as well as the level of adherence. This …

In settings of resource constraint, an understanding of HIV drug resistance can guide
antiretroviral therapy (ART) at switch to second‐line therapy. To determine the prevalence of …

Objective: To determine drug resistance mutation (DRM) patterns in a large cohort of
patients failing nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based first-line …

Background This study aimed to determine the extent of viral resistance over time among
non-clade B HIV type-1-infected patients in Uganda who were maintained on first-line highly …

Study 934 was an open-label, randomized Phase III study of emtricitabine+ tenofovir DF+
efavirenz (FTC+ TDF+ EFV) compared with lamivudine+ zidovudine+ efavirenz (3TC+ ZDV+ …