When a strong acid is added to plasma, one expects a quantitative relationship between
excess anion gap (ΔAG) and bicarbonate deficit (ΔHCO 3−) with the ΔAG/ΔHCO 3− ratio …

The first step in the clinical approach to patients with metabolic acidosis is to deal with
emergencies and to anticipate and prevent dangers associated with therapy. The traditional …

The serum anion gap, calculated from the electrolytes measured in the chemical laboratory,
is defined as the sum of serum chloride and bicarbonate concentrations subtracted from the …

The relationship between serum bicarbonate, sodium-chloride difference, and the anion gap
(AG) can be expressed by the equation: AG 5 Na 1 2 Cl-2 HCO3-; modified to HCO3 5 (Na 1 …

Acid‐base balance in dialysis patients is achieved by a unique interaction between the
patient and the particular mode of renal replacement therapy. The prevailing serum HCO3 …

The serum anion gap has been utilized to identify errors in the measurement of electrolytes,
to detect paraproteins, and, most relevant to the nephrologist, to evaluate patients with …

Metabolic acidosis is defined as a low arterial blood pH in conjunction with a reduced serum
bicarbonate concentration,[HCO3−]. Respiratory compensation results in a decrease in …

The purpose of this case report is to illustrate that the urine pH may be a misleading index in
the assessment of the normal renal response to metabolic acidosis. On presentation, the …

The fractional excretion of anions has been proposed as a new index for the differential
diagnosis of metabolic acidosis, identifying the properties of the conjugate base by …

Metabolic acidosis is noted in the majority of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)
when glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases to less than 20% to 25% of normal, although …