Foraging animals must often balance the conflicting demands of finding food and avoiding
predators. Temporal variation in predation risk is expected to influence how animals allocate …

The risk allocation hypothesis predicts that prey responses to predation risk should depend
on the temporal pattern of risk. In systems where activity is dangerous, predicted activity …

Because avoidance of predators may affect a prey's foraging success and resultant fitness,
we examined how a top predator, the stone crab Mineppe adina (Williams & Felder), altered …

The ecological impacts of predation risk are influenced by how prey allocate foraging effort
across periods of safety and danger. Foraging decisions depend on current danger, but also …

Marine snails have two predator avoidance strategies: withdrawing into the refuge of their
shells and fleeing by crawling away. Here we exposed the marine snail, Nucella ostrina, to …

Predation risk is believed to shape many aspects of the behavior, morphology and life
history of marine organisms. The timing of synchronous larval release, postlarval migrations …

Questions: Do behavioural, morphological, and life-history responses to predators differ
among offspring of laboratory and newly captured snails from the same field site? The risk …

Prey respond to predation risk by altering their morphology, physiology, and behavior,
responses that may come at a cost to prey foraging and growth. However, their perception of …

Temporal variation in predation risk may fundamentally influence antipredator responses of
prey animals. To maximize lifetime fitness, prey must be able to optimize energy gain and …

Hundreds of experimental studies (primarily undertaken in the laboratory) have quantified
the effects of predation risk on prey behavior, usually by contrasting prey behavior in the …