Background HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) testing was included in the 2017 South African
national HIV household survey. We describe the prevalence of HIVDR by drug class, age …

As more human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients access combination
antiretroviral therapy (cART), higher proportions of newly infected patients may be infected …

Low levels of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance (TDR) have previously been reported from
many parts of sub-Saharan Africa (sSA). However, recent data, mostly from urban settings …

Background WHO revised their HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) monitoring strategy in 2014,
enabling countries to generate nationally representative HIVDR prevalence estimates from …

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended guidelines for a HIV
drug resistance (HIVDR) survey for resource-limited countries. Eligibility criteria for patients …

Global scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs)
is an unprecedented public health achievement. With planned efforts of expanded ART …

Background With widespread use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs in Africa, one of the major
potential challenges is the risk of emergence of ARV drug‐resistant HIV strains. Our …

Background We assessed the prevalence of acquired HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) and
associated factors among patients receiving first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Rwanda …

HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance (TDR) is of increasing public health concern in sub-
Saharan Africa with the rollout of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. Such data are, however …

Background In order to assess the level of transmitted and/or pre-treatment antiretroviral
drug resistance to HIV-1, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that regular …