Main conclusion Melatonin has a protective effect against heavy metal stress in plants by
immobilizing HM in cell walls and sequestering them in root cell vacuoles, reducing HM's …

Pollution of the environment with the toxic heavy metals has become one of the major
causes for worry for human health in both emerging and advanced countries. Metal …

Plant growth and metabolisms are regulated by some heavy metals found in Earth's crust
because they are active constituents of various enzymes. However, their increased …

The maintenance of ion homeostasis in plant cells is a fundamental physiological
requirement for sustainable plant growth, development and production. Plants exposed to …

Heavy metals (HMs) are among the main environmental pollutants that can enter the soil,
water bodies, and the atmosphere as a result of natural processes (weathering of rocks …

Heavy metals are often present naturally in soils, but many human activities (eg mining,
agriculture, sewage processing, the metal industry and automobiles) increase their …

Abiotic stresses are various environmental factors that inhibit a normal plant growth and limit
the crop productivity. Plant scientists have been attempting for a long time to understand …

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Recent years have witnessed a gradual increase in the bioavailability and groundwater
leaching of toxic heavy metals (HMs) in the environment, driven mainly by anthropogenic …

Heavy metal (HM)-mediated toxic effects on plants have attained considerable attention
worldwide as they directly threaten the food supply chain. Although various measures have …