An increase in environmental pollution resulting from toxic heavy metals and metalloids [eg,
cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb)] causes serious health risks to humans and …

In nature, land plants as sessile organisms are faced with multiple nutrient stresses that
often occur simultaneously in soil. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are modules involved in the transduction
of extracellular signals to intracellular targets in all eukaryotes. In plants, it has been …

Magnesium (Mg) is an essential nutrient that can alleviate soilborne toxicity of many ions.
This review paper critically assesses the literature on interactions and mechanisms …

Transition metals such as copper are essential for many physiological processes yet can be
toxic at elevated levels. Other metals (eg lead) are nonessential and potentially highly toxic …

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy element for plant growth and development, and plants have
evolved many strategies to cope with Cd stress. However, the mechanisms how plants …

The crosstalk between second messengers, hormones and mitogen-activated protein
kinases (MAPKs) in plant signalling systems facilitates adaptation and survival in the face of …

While diverse microbe‐or damage‐associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs) typically
trigger a common set of intracellular signalling events, comparative analysis between the …

Homeostasis of the essential micronutrient manganese (Mn) is crucially determined through
availability and uptake efficiency in all organisms. Mn deficiency of plants especially occurs …

Heavy metal toxicity is one of the major concerns for agriculture and health. Accumulation of
toxic heavy metals at high concentrations in edible parts of crop plants is the primary cause …