Animal models of reinforcement have proven to be useful for understanding the
neurobiological mechanisms underlying drug addiction. Operant drug self-administration …

A key component of combating substance use disorders is understanding the neural
mechanisms that support drug reward. Tasks such as self-administration assess the …

Animal models have significantly contributed to the understanding of reward-related
behaviors, such as in Substance Use Disorder research. One of the most heavily utilized …

Drug self-administration models of addiction typically require animals to make the same
response (eg, a lever-press or nose-poke) over and over to procure and take drugs. By their …

Rationale Drug self-administration is a powerful method to measure the reinforcing effects of
a drug, as well as to investigate behavioral, biochemical, and physiological effects of a drug …

Background The potential of abused drugs to induce addiction and compulsive drug-related
behavior is associated with their ability to alter dopamine signaling. Dopamine plays a key …

Rationale and objective Although many contingencies operating in the natural environment
include continuous dimensions of responses and reinforcers, previous studies of drug self …

Operant methods are powerful behavioral tools for the study of motivated behavior.
These'self-administration'methods have been used extensively in drug addiction research …

It is thought that rewarding experiences with drugs create strong contextual associations and
encourage repeated intake. In turn, repeated exposures to drugs of abuse make lasting …

Rationale Cocaine dependence is characterized by compulsive drug taking that supercedes
other recreational, occupational or social pursuits. We hypothesized that rats vulnerable to …